Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy :: Philosophy of Education Teaching Teachers Essays

Statement of Educational Goals and PhilosophyI think being a pick uper is one of the most kindle positions there are because you are able to see sisterren grow and learn from day to day. You are able to help them r separately understanding of curriculum that they had neer heard of before. Also when you get tied up in all the stresses of life, children help you stay young mentally by their care free child world of play, laughter, and smiles. I love to be around children because they are full of life, comical, unpredictable, and help you to be more positive through lifes twists and turns. I desire to be a teacher so I can help children reach their highest potential and encourage them to keep reaching higher. I indigence to be able to teach children in an interesting, fun, and progressive way. I plan to be a teacher of eclecticism because I feel in social club to help children be well rounded individuals we need to give them a well rounded education, that is one structured with va rious activities.First, I want to teach from some aspects of the progressivism style which focuses on respect for individuality, high regard for science, and learning from experience. I want to teach the children in my classroom to have respect for each other. This is a quality that will help them to be successful in society because if they respect others, then others will have respect for them. Having respect for others withal shows that they have respect for themselves. I also want children to learn by hands-on activities. I will direct them from step to step and demonstrate how to do each step in the activities they perform. These activities make learning more interesting for the children because the children are able to get involved instead of just always ceremony the teacher do everything. Speaking of the children getting involved, they can really get involved when learning in a distinguishable atmosphere when on eye socket trips. I feel taking children on field trips is an effective learning experience for them because it allows children to get out of the classroom setting and learn from a different perspective. In addition I want to focus on sciences because they are an important theater of operations in the knowledge of children. I think this growing area of our society should be focused on thoroughly because science advances and improves everyday and I feel children should be aware of their changing world.

The Evolution of Media Essay -- Communication, New Media, Old Media

The evolution of media, from old media to new media, has transformed the mood we agnise the world around us. New media is interactive and is user-generated while old media is a more traditional way of communicating through television, radio, give-and-takepapers, magazines, books, etc (Lecture Notes. January 12, 2011). New media gives us a new perspective by allowing us to interact with one another through the Internet. Media has become much more personal and diverse as user-generated suffice becomes more prominent in our lives (Lecture Notes. January 24, 2011). We atomic number 18 exposed to various viewpoints shape our collar and knowledge of the societal world, but does the form of media actually affect the way we understand the content which is presented to us? For my paper, I will determine whether or not the medium is the message by analyzing two different types of media sources and how they affect our understanding of the content. For my old media source I have chosen a news line up from the CBS Evening News with Katie Couric that deals with the ongoing Egyptian uprising. For my new media source I have chosen a video blog, or vlog, by an Egyptian man named Omar who discusses the crisis in Egypt from a personal point of view. Both media sources deal with the resembling number, but result in different understandings of the crisis.Although both mediums focus on the same issue there are a lot of differences between the two. The CBS news clip uses a lot of visually dramatic effects to engage the audience and to get them to feel a certain way. In the news clip there are several images of violence by both the protestors and the police, however most videos are shot from the viewpoint of the police. This may be simply for caoutchouc reasons, however this le... ...ts. By simply posting a picture on Facebook, a movement for basic rights began. Since the users create the content of new media, people are able to inspire a mass audience.In conclusion, the m edium is the message. The way that information is presented to us plays a key role in our understanding of the topic itself. By framing the crisis in Egypt a particular way, both the old and new media sources are able to give the audience two separate understandings of the social and cultural issues at hand. The media is less interested in telling the audience about the actual story and more interested in the underlying messages of federation they provide. These underlying messages lead us to define social and cultural issues the way that the media want us to. Since the media sell us both products and ideas, both personalities and worldviews, the message becomes the medium.

Women and Debt Essay -- essays research papers

The dreaded D word debt. All of us make it at some time or another, and we would solely like to get rid of it. Recent studies have shown, it is more common for women to be in debt. There are many reasons why this is so. When you look into a womens closet you do not just see your everyday jeans and shirts like you would in a mans. You would be lucky if you see a some suits, ties and a tuxedo from the senior prom, but it is entirely different for a woman. A womans closet looks more like a incision store. You have dress shirts, casual shirts, baby tees, tank tops, camisoles, dress pants, work pants, "fat" jeans, "skinny" jeans from the10th grade, casual jeans, dress jeans, not including the jeans you bought to go with the sexy vehement top that doesnt match with anything but the red top. If you are lucky to have a walk-in closet you might have a section for shoes, belts and purses, that is, if youre luckyThe reason this happens is because when women go shopping the y dont just go to purchase a shirt or a pair of jeans no, the intentions may be erect but it never works out that way. Every time a women picks up a shirt the first thing she thinks is, this is cute then we have this little vision, of seeing our cute little self, in this new shirt with a nice dark pair of jeans, and fabulous pink pumps, and thats when the difficulty begins. Most of us women already do have darks jeans and pink pumps, but they are old and faded or we were seen in them two times a...

Ways Of Selecting Romantic Par :: essays research papers

Ways of selecting romantic partnersThere has always been a belief that work force and women differ in their ways of selecting romantic partners in terms of characteristics in their mates. For example, men have always been perceived to place more(prenominal) importance in size of breasts in women. Likewise, women have been perceived to place more importance on height of the men they are interested in and their build. This study is to breakthrough out whether these social stigmas are true in a typical large college campus dealing with subjects that are around the age of 1819 years. Surveys were employ to have the subjects rate the importance of characteristics of men and women that are typically looked at when either sex are looking for romantic partners. The research in dubiety is, Gender Differences in Selecting Romantic Partners. There were previous researches and surveys done on this subject. There are five such studies that best relate to the research topic. The premier(pren ominal) appeared in Sex Roles. The article was titled Sex Differences in Factors of Romantic Attraction. The second appeared in Psychological Reports and was titled, Mens Preferences in Romantic Partners Obesity vs. Addiction. The third appeared in College savant Journal and was titled, College Students Homogamous Preferences for a Date and Mate. The fourth appeared in Sex Roles titled, Pursuit of Nontraditional Occupations Fear of Success or Fear of Not Being Chosen? The tolerate article appeared in Psychological Bulletin titled, Gender Differences in Mate Selection Preferences A Test of the Parental Investment Model. The first article, Sex Differences in Factors of Romantic Attraction was indite by Jeffrey S. Nevid. His studies method included an anonymous survey in a college classroom consisting of only hetero versed males and females around the age of 19 to 22 years. The motive wanted to see if the popular belief of males placing such physical aspects such as breast size and buttocks size influenced their choice of romantic and sexual partners. He also included females in his studies. In his survey, many physical attributes were presented and the numbers showed that when choosing sexual partners, both men choosing romantic partners, personal characteristics were given more importance than physical. The second article, Mens Preferences in Romantic Partners Obesity vs. Addiction was written by Sarah Sitton and Sharon Blanghard. The studies conducted by the two women were done using classified ads. The study was done to comparing how

Stages in a Marketing Plan Essay -- Business Marketing Papers

Stages in a trade Plan This essay will present the stages of a market plan and critically evaluate the differences suggested by the leading authors. However it is vital to understand what marketing planning is. Although marketing planning would appear to be a simple and step-by-step process, in existence it is not. As marketing plans are very complex, cross functional and it touches every aspect of organizational life. However the stages of marketing planning will explain and seek some of these issues by focusing on the process of marketing planning. Marketing planning can be defined as a sensible expressive style to manage the sales and marketing function is to find the systematic way of identifying a range of options, to choose one of them, then to schedule and cost out(p) what has to be done to achieve the objectives. Marketing planning is the planned application of marketing resources to achieve marketing objectives it is simply a logical seque nce of a series of activities leading to the setting of marketing objectives and the formulation of plans for achieving them. Companies go through some kind of management process in developing marketing plans. Marketing planning is essential when considering the increasingly hostile and complex environment in which companies operate. Many external and internal factors interact in a complex way, which uphold the ability to achieve profitable sales. The four typical examples, which companies set, are maximising revenue, maximising profit, maximising return on investment and minimising costs. Revenue is the monetary apprise received by a company for its goods or services. It is the net pric... ...d along by momentum. Also if the companys culture and management style are not auxiliary of marketing planning, then no improvements will occur. And also if the business is highly competitive, no improvements will be seen, however the company might fare a lot worse without a marketing plan. Common implementation problems of a marketing planning could be pretermit of a plan for planning, weak support from management, lack of resources, lack of information and also it could occur due to too much detail and being too far ahead. In todays increasingly competitive markets, there is a growing realization that success in the future will only come from meticulous planning and market preparation. Therefore having a marketing plan is useful as it is better to weigh up the costs of planning against the costs of not planning.

His Fathers Pain :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

His Fathers Pain All his life Peter had carried the bruise slightly with him. Sometimes intense. sometimes no to a greater extent than a dull ache. Sometimes for months at a time he was hardly sensible of it, but it was perpetually there. He knew that. It had a precise location, always the same, a spot below the ribs, an inch inside, four fingers from the point where his lower ribs met. He could put his fingers in there, feel it. All his life be had been aware of it. He had taken the pain to doctors. They had poked and probed at various intervals. Once they had diagnosed ulcers. They had prescribed milky medications, which had relieved it only for the moment. Then it came back. Sometimes it was so intense he feared it could be cancer, a burning growth expanding inside him. Sometimes he was afraid of dying. It was like a death inside him, so intense, so obdurate. And sometimes the pain would lie low, more of a shadow than a pain, a dis-ease lurking quietly in the rib cage. The pai n was with him thirty years, the length of his adult life. Until he found its healer. At first he did not know this would be the healer of the pain. For many weeks, they talked. They talked about the fears, the insecurities, the longings, and the needs. They talked about the rage he had carried with him all his life. They talked about his weakness and his strength. Some of these things he knew, some he didnt. Some of these things they enacted. Always there was the empty chair, his partner, his antagonist. Whoever came to mind was invited there, to sit in it his wife, his father, his anger, his fear. Whoever came to mind, whoever was necessary to the occasion, whoever needed to be addressed, whoever needed to bc heard from - there was always someone. They came unbidden from wherever it was they lived, from dark, hidden parts of him, from unexamined corners of his body the awkward tilt of the head, the crick in the back, the back, the avoided gaze. on that point was always someone. I t was weeks, months even, before the healer touched him. When the trust was there. Once the defenses had begun to fall. When the body was ready with its invitation. The first time, the healer went only where he was invited, his fingers probing the depth to which the pain was tolerable.

Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome

old-fashioned Greeks and Romans Contributed Ideas on Government The first societies to experiment with ideas on directment that would later influence Americans were Ancient Greece and Rome. The Ancient Greeks and Romans developed the ideas of democracy and representative government more than 2,000 years ago. A Democracy in Ancient Greece. The cities of Ancient Greece were organized into city-states, or small commutative nations. Athens was one such city-state. For many years, Athens was ruled by a small group of wealthy and powerful men k at presentn as the Great Council.Members of the Council passed laws that favored wealthy people like themselves. Between 750 B. C. and 550 B. C. , however, this system of rule began to change. Poorer Athenians, such as farmers and small merchants, protested the great power of the Council. They believed that the laws made by the Council harmed the interests of the middleclass and poor. Many Greeks wanted to participate directly in making laws affe cting their lives. Greeks used the word demos kratia, to explain what they wanted.The equivalent word in English is democracy, which factor government by the people. Gradually, Athenian leadership agreed that more Greeks should be allowed to participate in the Great Councils decision-making process. They developed a political system now known as a direct democracy. In a direct democracy, people not only vote for leaders, but actually serve in the government. In order to decide who should be allowed to serve in the Great Council, Greek leaders developed the idea of citizenship.Those Athenians who were citizens had the right to participate directly in government. But how was citizenship determined? Greek leaders decided that only men who owned large plots of land were citizens. Women, slaves, and people with little or no proportion were not given the rights and responsibilities of Athenian citizenship. While the Ancient Greeks restricted democratic rights to a small portion of the population, the idea of democracy was born. A Republic in Ancient Rome. Ancient Rome was the first nation to create a republic.A republic is a form of government in which people elect representatives to govern them. Between 750 B. C. and 350 B. C. , the Romans established a republic. At first, only patricians members of the Roman upper-class were allowed to vote or serve as representatives. Over several centuries, however, the right to vote was extended to plebeians the lower class. As more Romans gained the right to vote, they used their new power to bring about other changes in the political system. About 450 B. C.Roman citizens demanded that laws establishment their lives be written down. They wanted to know what the laws were and that laws could not be changed any time their leaders wanted to. Many Romans believed that codified, or written, laws would prevent Roman leaders from abusing their power. They called this the Twelve Tables and it was posted in the Roman Forum for a ll of Romes citizens to see. Ancient Greek and Roman ideas and practices concerning government eventually spread to atomic number 63 and to the United States.

Art and How It Effects the Geographical

In straightaways world the question of what is blind is one that most nation would feed mixed responses and views on. This may be callable to the rise of technology, specifically the dependence of the internet on peoples chance(a) lives. The idea of stratagemwork come alongs to get lost in todays world and newer generations have distanced themselves from art. There erstwhile was such a heavily reliance and dependence on art in peoples everyday lives but with time this has slowly started to fade. In the Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary there are sixty eight definitions for Art.The definition that legion(predicate) people accomplice with or people with some knowledge about art tend to use from the Merriam-Websters Dictionary is that it is something produced as an artistic effort or for cosmetic purposes. An a nonher(prenominal) definition for art from the same dictionary is the conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic obj ects. galore(postnominal) people interpret art in many different ways. This is very evident in todays society with regards to people and relating what they are practicing, accept or doing to a form of art.This may be controversial in some cases which, over time have led to there being many conflicts and wars over such issues relating back to art. Famous pieces of art have been created over time, by famous artists who have shaped the world of art of today. Lobbyist groups, culture groups and other parties have formed over time and have used different forms of art to come together to promote awareness to their group or cause. semipolitical involvement in the Arts sector is something that over time has become an issue for some people who do not agree with how currency is being allocated for the arts.In some cases how the government handles situations in relation to the Arts and funding is questioned sometimes because some people feel like they are not being cared for or assisted. As discussed in the article Lobbying for Arts and Culture by Jason Hall, during the 1970s, arts and culture lobbying became a bigger issue at the federal official level. It was during this time that the National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities (NEA and NEH) and The Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) were created. This beingness allowed for lobbying to become intensely focused at a federal level.along with these creations came annual appropriations, which meant that capital was now being set aside for funding of the Arts. This was something that at first many people were not aware of was happening, but once people realized the issue became a bigger one for everyone involved. At one point funding was as high as 175 cardinal a year for the Arts in the United States, specifically Washington D. C. The culture wars of the 1980s and 1990 have brought tension between cultures for reasons relating in back to art.With the creation of these boards, services and relations the wars were able to fade in the late 1990s as culture and art became more intertwined with peoples everyday lives. around this time is when the electronic boom happened and advancements in technology exploded around the world. With new creations and inventions increasing the way people interact with each other people were now able to collect information in ways they have never been able to do before. This was something that benefitted most parties involved but also unexpended a window for people to be exposed.With this new technology at many institutions and peoples disposal more political issues were able to be handled in a quicker manor. What many people fail to realize with Art is since many people see it as such a enormous topic people can relate to art in many different ways through beliefs, views, practises and talents. This idea has raised questions for future generations because the decline in people participating in some form of art is raising thanks in part to a vari ety of reasons. The main argument deals with technology and how people today are more interested in electronics as opposed to the Arts.There are still many people today who imprecate and believe heavily in the Arts. The sad reality is that number is not what it once was bringing up many questions people do not have answers for. An example would be since funding today is so great for the Arts in many cases across Canada and the United States and other parts of the world go away the investments now be used and appreciated in the future. The mart for art depends on the people involved wither it is paintings, religions, music or any other form of art.Depending on the audience some forms of art are enjoyed by more people with more funding going in the direction of the places or practises that are less popular to the general reality but still attract guests and people associated with that form of art. This is what makes art so interesting the fact that the market depends on the people o ne speaks to and what he or she believes or has strong feelings for. With being so broad more people can relate in one way or another, but it is something that is not happening due to peoples interests elsewhere.This has led to organizations today being created that are either let or scams which is why in some cases people have a hard time trusting certain situations. The idea of tax advantages for certain organizations was mentioned in Halls article leading to these organizations being created over night in some cases to get in on these tax advantages. With these tax advantages that were starting to be assumption out to certain charity groups, local museums and theatres to name a few advocacy and lobbyist groups began to appear in larger numbers.These groups are created to try and preserve Art and the many great things that it has to offer in such a variety of different ways. Through music, dance or visual displays art allows people to bring themselves in ways that they would no rmally not be able to do. A lot of credit for art being able to survive in todays world goes to the generous donors and government tax grants and other incentives received due to a lack of interest in some cases.The operating cost for being involved with Art can get pretty high so having generous donations for people, businesses or governments allows these places to continue to operate. The impact of new technologies has changed how the word of art is interpreted for many people. This is through with(p) in many ways, with relation to artists and artwork people can now see their work online in most cases and do not need to fly across the world to see a famous painting.Listening to famous orchestras or musicals can now be done online as well taking away from experiences people can only get when they see the art performance first hand. Although in these cases new technologies seem to have hindered certain ideas that art tries to promote it has given people a chance to hear or see thin gs they would not normally see because they are located in other parts of the world. With these new technologies at peoples disposal it gives more people a chance to explore and summon out different forms of art.This is because people can take art for what they think it is, explore it with the technologies available and find other people who feel the same way. no matter of how people feel governing in the end have a big say in how things are run and operated within certain jurisdictions with regards to the Arts. A big issue for politicians and the topic of art is now the security of the general public due to attacks stemming from certain beliefs or practices. Again another problem with politics is actually receiving the funding from the House or the Senate.In most cases a congressmen or senators have to be connected in some way or another to a certain museum or cause to receive a generous donation. Much has changed from the early times that date back to the Greeks with regards to how people apothegm and interpreted art. The roles it had on everyday brio and culture have changed dramatically depending on where one decides to locate. Over time there have been many onerous days, months and years involving art and culture wars with many lives being taken in the end.The federal levels involvement in art is what is keeping it alive, mainly due to money investments and donations from the government, charities or private groups. A great example that was given in Halls article was how Museums generally get about 9597 percent of their public sector funding from local and state government. Art is still important to many peoples livelihood because they depend on art to evince how they feel or provide a living. The most come perception people get when they just hear the word art is associate it with paintings, drawings or something else one would see in a museum.While many people would agree with this the media in todays world along with the technology at peoples fi ngertips has managed to almost hide art and make it not as powerful and meaningful as it once was on everyday life around the world. One can see that over time peoples views and desires have begun to steer away from being so involved with art directly. This is something that will ultimately take away from the meaning of great things that have had to deal with art in the past because people will not be informed or aware due to the lack of coverage and dependency on art.

Boeing’s Strategy

The Capital Assets Price Model (CAPM), is a model for pricing an individual security or a portfolio. Its basic function is to describe the relationship between risk and expected beget, which is often used to estimate a greet of equity (Wikipedia, 2009). It serves as a model for determining the discount run which is used in calculating net present value. The CAPM says that the expected return of a security or a portfolio equals the evaluate on a risk- redundant security plus a risk premium. The formula is R = Rf + *(E(Rm)-Rf) Rf = Risk free rate of return, usually U. S. treasury bonds ( ) ? = beta for a bon tonE(Rm) = Expected return of the market (commercial airlines market) E(Rm)-Rf = Sometimes referred to as the risk premium The important and unhazardous rate should be selected as required according to the Boeing 7E7 case study. For the CAPM the risk free rate of return for a given period is taken to be the return on government bonds over the period. The risk free rate of re turn at the time of this case was 4. 56% (Bruner, p. 239, 2007). At the time of the case, quadruplet main estimatesof equity market risk premiums (EMRP) were 6. 4% = Geometric soused over T-bills 4. 7% = Geometric mean over T-bonds 8. 4% = Arithmetic mean over T-bills . 4% = Arithmetic mean over T-bonds For the purpose of analysis we will use 6. 4% EMRP, thus (E(Rm)-Rf) = 6. 4 %. () The cost of equity is obstinate by the beau mondes levered Beta (). This is reason according to the Hamada equivalence ? l = ? u (1+(1-T)(D/E)) ?l = companys levered Beta ?u = companys unlevered beta (It is a beta assuming the firm is completely equity financed, which reflects pure transmission line risk) T = effective marginal levy rate D/E = market-value debt/equity ratios Exhibit 10 provided seven different betas that can be used for the capital assets price model and discount rate calculation.The fox of building airplanes is a long-term venture with the life span more than five years. Boeing created a sales and cash flow forecast for the beside 30 years, based on Exhibit 8. This is why for the calculation we use the Beta calculated over the longer period of time. Out of the three Betas calculated for the period of time 5 years, (1. 05, 0. 80, 1. 00), we take 0. 80, the figure calculated against the S&P 500 index. It uses the freighted market value, which can actually reflect the importance of companys securities in the market shares and the boarder market changes (Wikipedia, 2009). 0. 8 = ? u (1+(1-0. 5)*0. 525) Beta Asset = 0. 6 (overall risk of airplane industry) Total beta for Boeing equals to weighted beta from commercial business plus weighted beta for defense business. Beta = (%commercial)* Beta Commercial + (%defense )* Beta Defense. The average unlevered Beta for defense business among Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman and Raytheon is 0. 28 = (0. 28+0. 24+0. 31)/3. () Exhibit 1 shows commercial business generated $28,387 jillion in revenue and the defense s ystems segment generated $24,957 in revenue in 2002. Thus the weight of commercial business is 53% and the weight of defense systems business is 47%.In addition, commercial business generated $9,726 million in identifiable assets and the defense systems segment generated $12,753 in identifiable assets in 2002. Thus the weight of commercial business is 43% and the weight of defense systems business is 57%. 0. 6 = 53%*Beta Commercial +47%*0. 28 Beta Commercial = 0. 88 0. 6 = 43%*Beta Commercial +57%*0. 28 Beta Commercial = 1. 02 There are two betas (0. 88, 1. 02) calculated for the risk of this industry, we choose the larger figure 1. 02. This indicates the larger discount rate for the project evaluation thus it could provide the more pessimistic scenario.The larger the discount rate from the CAPM, the more inflation we assume in our projection. Calculation of CAMP R = 4. 56 +6. 4*1. 02=11. 08% The appropriate required rate of the return for evaluation the 7E7 project is 11. 08%. In E HHIBIT 10, it shows market-value debt/equity ratios, so it assumes that this ratio reflects the Boeings capital building and using only debt and equity as finance the 7E7 commercial aircraft project in this case. There are two formulas to calculate the weight of debt and equity as show below Debt/Equity=0. 525 (D/E=0. 525) Debt+Equity=1 (D+E=1) D=1-EUsing the second formula substituting back into the first equation and the result is 1-E/E=0. 525, so through calculating this equation, it can indicate that E is 0. 656 and D is 1-0. 656=0. 344. The Boeings capital structure is that the weight of debt is 34. 4% and the weight of equity is 65. 6%. From this case, it gives a well-known formula how to finance Boeings weighted-average cost of capital (WACC), it shows below WACC= (percent Debt) (Pretax cost of debt capital) (1- peripheral effective corporate tax rate) + (percent Equity) (Cost of equity capital) In previous calculation, it already know the percent Debt is 34. %, percent Equ ity is 65. 6%, Cost of equity capital is 11. 088% and in this case gives Marginal effective corporate tax rate is 35%. So it only just to calculate cost of Debt. The cost debt is the interest rate or product that a firm must pay on its bonds. In this case, it uses weighted average yield to maturity to calculate cost of debt. Through the form of queer 11 and using two column debt amount and yield to maturity to finance cost of debt is 5. 286%, however, the appropriate cost of debt is the after-tax cost of debt, so the final cost of debt is 5. 86%*(1-35%)=3. 436%. All of variables is known, so it can calculate WACC=34. 4%*3. 436+65. 6%*11. 088%=8. 46%. The IRR which is consistent with base case assumption was 15. 7% in the attest 9 of case study. In this case, it shows that IRR (15. 7) is greater than WACC (8. 46%), so the 7E7 commercial aircraft project is quite attractive for Boeing. In the ENHIBIT 9, it indicates that the unit volume for the first 20 years will only be 1500 with 0% price premium above expected minimum price, under this worse consideration, IRR hush have 10. % which is still greater than WACC (8. 46%). Obviously, developing of the 7E7 commercial aircraft project is acceptable. The IRR is expected to be 15. 7%, while WACC is estimated to be 8. 46%, leaving a difference of 7. 24%. This excess will add value to Boeings strain and the company will believe that developing of the 7E7 commercial aircraft project is a worthy investment. In the EXHIBIT 9, there is another factor development costs which influence on the IRR of the 7E7 commercial aircraft project. Developmental cost could make or break the IRR of the aircraft.Boeing company could consider how to control the cost of development, if the company cannot control the developmental costs, the result is that the delivery delays and the company will give discounts to consumers, this will lead to IRR goes down. The Boeing use of building complex material could change the manufacturing proces s, the machinery and the labor skills, so Boeing should recognize that the 7E7 project maybe have the potential for product cost and price inaccuracies and Boeings managers should concern how to recoil the development costs.Under the worst condition, from the form of EXHIBIT 9, it shows that development costs is $10,000,000,000 with cost of goods sold as a percentage of sales is 84%, that is IRR is 8. 6% still higher than WACC (8. 46%). Therefore, developing the 7E7 commercial aircraft project is an attractive project. From WACC this perspective to consider whether the 7E7 project is economically attractive or not, the WACC calculates an overall return that a corporate exist assets and business in order to increase or maintain the current value of current stock.In this case, it knows that Boeings stock price closed at $36. 41 and from the definition of WACC, it can understand that the Boeing must earn at least 8. 46% return from this 7E7 project in order to maintain this stock pric e. It also indicate that discount rate for this company is 11. 088%, compare with WACC 8. 46%, it means that the company under the safety circumstance to calculate net present value. In the previous calculation, cost of equity is 11. 088% and it can compute NPV is $2546. 74. The NPV is greater than zero, so the 7E7 commercial aircraft project is a paying investment.

Revolutionary History Essay

Between 1765 and 1788, the innovation that established the join States of America transpired. This revolution arose, because the power of the British Parliament to nowadays impose taxes on the American colonies was disputed by the latter. This revolution resulted in the establishment of a large republic and dish upd to disprove the theory of political thinkers that republicanism could not govern over a country that was large. In this manner the state and federal constitutions that were adopted in the period from 1776 to 1788, be the foremost political aspirations of that age. other effect of this permanent republicanism was that monarchies became obsolete over a period of time (American transmutation.The Crystal recognition Encyclopedia. CredoReference).This revolution, which was democratic in nature, established the regulation of equal righteousnesss in the US. This was due in great measure to the efforts of farmers and artisans. The extent to which these plenty favored emancipation can be estimated from the incident that they took over the reins of political relation in the states of protactinium and Vermont. Subsequently, in 1777, these states disassociated themselves from New York, in order to implement institutions that were significantly democratic.Moreover, social change was engendered by this revolution, in as much as slavery was modify into a political and moral issue from what had been a well established reality. In the Northern states slavery became extinct and in northern portion of the South, the estimate of blacks who were no longer slaves increased dramatically (American alteration.The Crystal Reference Encyclopedia. CredoReference).The cut variation demolished the Bourbon monarchy and the ancien rgime. It commenced with an insurrection by the nobility against projected pecuniary reforms in the year 1787. Subsequently, the middle classes participated in this revolt. The National Assembly supplanted the Estates General and it published the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. After this the working classes of Paris took control of the Bastille in July 1789.In 1791, the royal family was incarcerated for making plans to peak a counter revolution. The nations of Europe became unsettled due to these developments in France and this resulted in the French renewingary Wars. In 1793, world power Louis XVI was decapitated by means of the guillotine. The existence of various political factions resulted in the Terror, which lasted from 1793 to 1794. During this period, around two hundred grounds muckle were detained and around xv thousand people were put to death (French Revolution. Andromeda Encyclopedic Dictionary of World History. CredoReference).The French Revolution, which started in the 1789, brought to an end the monarchy that had been in existence for a thousand years. After the King had been deposed, the government was controlled by Robespierre and others of his ilk. They executed a lar ge number of people and in this manner unleashed considerable terror.Subsequently, Robespierre was himself executed and control passed to the Directory. This prove to be an incompetent and corrupt body, which permitted cat sleep Bonaparte to seize power in France and ultimately become its Emperor. The French Revolution was officially ended when Napoleon declared himself to be the Emperor of France (French Revolution. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. Houghton Mifflin).This was a prolonged struggle in Mexico that followed the deposition of Porfirio Daz. He was a potentate who ensured that power was pure in the hands of a few and who supported the elite. Leaders like Francisco Madero, Pancho Villa, Pascual Orozco, and Emiliano Zapata collected a large number of supporters. Subsequently, in 1911, Madero was make the president of Mexico. However, his reforms were not executed quickly and this caused two his former allies and foes to oppose him.He was executed by Victoriano H uerta, who became the dictator of Mexico. However, Huerta a drunken despot was overthrown by the machinations of Villa, Carranza and Obregn and Carranza became the president in the year 1914. Since, Villa was not agreeable to this, considerable gore ensued. Carranza ensured that a liberal constitution was written and adopted in 1917. He had Zapata, a popular peasant leader, ambushed and killed. This led to a popular revolt against Carranza, who was killed while attempting to flee Mexico City. The fierce fighting almost came to an end later Obregn came to power. However, a few clashes continued to take place and the revolutionary period ended only in 1934 when Lzaro Crdenas came to power (Mexican Revolution. Britannica laconic Encyclopedia).The American Revolution resulted in an independent United States of America, whereas the French Revolution put an end to its own national government. The American Revolution influenced the French people with the ideas of freedom and independe nce. The visits of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson to France in the 1780s uplifted the spirits of the French people with new hopes for independence from tyranny.King Louis XVI supported the American Revolution that commenced in 1776 and encouraged the American colonies in their fight against the British in order to obtain independence. The King, however, failed to anticipate that he was ushering in his own downfall. The effects of both the American Revolution and the French Revolution changed the course of the history in such a management that absolute monarchies were unable to survive in umteen European countries, which were replaced peacefully with republics and democracies (American Revolution vs. French Revolution).The French Revolution became highly appealing to other nations due to the straightforwardness and universality of its objectives. Many people were stir and convinced by the concepts of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity that had been rear end of the French R evolution. The only unresolved issues related to the interpretation and application of these concepts to the social and political milieu. This solution to this problem was provided by Karl Marx in his Das Capital, in whose opinion the French Revolution had not been taken to its logical conclusion and was thitherfore incomplete.His contention was that though freedom had been obtained, workers had been used and deprived of property. The benefits that had arisen due to the French Revolution had failed to uplift company as a whole. Karl Marx believed that the emancipation of the society in its totality was doable only if there was a socialist or communist revolution, which would eradicate private property and form a cooperative of producers. During the last stage of this transformation the state would shrivel away as it would cease to have any purpose. This final stage of Marxs theory was similar to that of the anarchists of France, Italy, Russia and Spain (The Revolutionary Idea in the Modern World).The French revolution had a profound influence on the subsequent nationalist movements and some of these were the 1821 Greek Independence movement, the endeavour to bring about modernization in Egypt by Muhammed Ali and in the Ottoman Empire by Selim III and Mahmut II. Several social uprisings of the 1968s had also been inspired by the French Revolution. Moreover, the French Revolution impact the thinking of future generations by enabling them to accept change as normal and had a cohesive effect on the masses in growth of building the state (Robinson).The Mexican Revolution was a success in the class of anti state rebellions. It dethroned the Diaz regime and extinguished the caudillismo of Huerta and Carranza. It marked a milestone in the history of popular revolutions and popular sove commandty in under developed nations.This revolution demonstrated that revolutions by native peoples could emerge victorious. It paved the way for the subsequent revolutions aga inst state authorities including both violent and nonviolent rebellion. Most of the Latin American governments adopted the principles raised in the Mexican constitutional principle of no re eleccion. This constitutional principle had not been subjected to any attempt to amend or repeal it by any of the Mexican leaders, subsequent to the character assassination of Alvaro Obregon in 1928 (Mexican Revolution).The principles of the revolution were debated by the political and academic scholars in and out of Mexico. The events, participants and the consequences of the Revolution were documented by many foreign authors. For instance, John Womack had written Zapata and the Mexican Revolution, and Friedrich Katz wrote Life and Times of Pancho Villa. These works narrated a lengthy and well documented report of the events of the Revolution. Moreover, the subsequentlyeffects and the events of the Mexican Revolution continue to influence Mexican politics as well as international policies (Mex ican Revolution).The first half of the twentieth century was witness to changes in the Mexican government that were similar to that of the French Revolution. Every revolution consists of four stages and in the preliminary stage both Mexico and France faced problems that were reflected in the future.These problems were due to the extant leadership. After this preliminary stage there occurs the second stage consisting of frequent rebellions against the government. Subsequently, the revolution enters the leash stage, which is characterized by a great deal of turbulence and can therefore be termed as the crisis stage. There were several instances when bloodshed and chaos prevailed during this crisis stage. The final stage is that of recovery and in this stage the governments consent to implement the plans and measures that would engender changes that would benefit the people.The preliminary stages of the Mexican and French Revolutions were the same. The Mexican president, Porifirio Dia z had been a successful President of Mexico for over three decades. He principled the country in a manner that was similar to that in which Louis XVI had ruled France. In Mexico power was concentrated in the hands of a few people who had access to the President.The rest of the citizens did not have a voice or the right to vote for the officials they favored. There was no right to expression and there existed sanctions, which were similar to those obtaining in the Ancien Regime in France. These terrible conditions prevailed in the country and wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few. Furthermore, injustice was the order of the day and there was no law and order in either the cities or the countryside (The Mexican Revolution).In addition, there were a number of differences, for instance the French monarchs of the Ancien Regime had been absolutist monarchs and their ruling power had been centralized. President Porifirio Diaz ruled the nation as a dictator and it was often stated that the President had the best intentions for the future of Mexico. He was concerned with establishing a stable government and in order to achieve that objective he ensured that the training program for military and police personnel had been thoroughly changed in such a way that both those forces gained in power and strength.The French Revolution was better known for the problems that the different classes had with each other. The people of the upper class had been distressed due to the fact that they had lost power during the reign of Luis XIV and the people of the middle class were disgruntled due to the fact that some of the members of their class were becoming wealthier but were not permitted to hold noble titles.Workers of the urban areas were convinced that they were beingness ill treated and this belief lasted throughout the duration of the Revolution. France went to war with England in support of the Americans and this clearly indicated the incompetence of the rule of Loui s XIV. The war served to severely deplete France of its resources and the Revolution was in the offing. Louis XIV was not in a position to control the revolution (Wasserman).The similarities of the Mexican Revolution and the French Revolution are further enkindle during the crisis stage. There was a civil war in both the countries and in Mexico, there were opposing parties of Obregon and Carranza against Villa and Zapata. In France, there was a constant strife betwixt the citizens throughout the country and particularly in the Vendee.The main objectives of these various groups were fulfilled in these revolutions. The people of Mexico sought equality, rights and a republic government similar to that of the United States. In France, the people wanted a arrangementatic well structured republic having no monarch. Both Mexico and France were able to achieve their desired goals. However, France was able to bring home the bacon its objective in the crisis stage, but Mexico had to wait till the end of the revolution to achieve its desired goal. Thus these nations resemble each other to the extent of attaining their aims.The aftereffects of the Mexican Revolution and the French Revolution continue to influence the people even today. The Mexican Constitution, which was written in the year 1917, has remained unchanged till today. The Mexican Revolution can be considered as a revolution that had taken place in a developing nation and it has served as an inspiration to revolutions in the third world. The French Revolution left its mark due to the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which protects the implicit in(p) rights of the citizens and these rights are still in vogue in France.The chief difference surrounded by these two revolutions was that Mexico was able to retain its republican government after the revolution, while France went into a tyranny and then a monarchal form of government after the end of the revolution. At present, Mexico is a constitutional repu blic supported by its Constitution. Mexico has a president and a legislative branch and a governmental system that is stable.In contrast, the constitution of France was changed several times and the governmental system of France has a president and a parliament. In this aspect it resembles the system of governance of the United States. The fundamental aim of the French Revolution was the formation of a constitutional monarch similar to that of England. The main similarities between these two revolutions were that they both had an objective that was fought for and duly achieved.The French Revolution, the American Revolution and the Mexican Revolution were fought in order to attain freedom and justice. The United States sought freedom from the British rule, while France fought for dethroning a government under which the rich people tyrannized the poor and in order to obtain freedom from monarchal ruling. In Mexico, people sought freedom from the Diazs Oligarchy. However, a number of d ifferences existed in respect of the causes of these revolutions due to the fact that the leaders subscribed to different opinions. The French Revolution commenced with a bloody attack on the Bastille, which represented the hated power of the aristocracy. The American Revolution, on the other hand, was conducted in a phased and well regulated manner.The Americans first engaged in negotiations with England and on these negotiations being spurned by the latter, the Americans decided to declare independence from the British. Since, England did not accept this declaration of independence by the colonies, the American Revolution began in right earnest (Nosotro). The Mexican Revolution started with a mass uprising against Diaz, who fled to Spain. However, this was revolution entailed a lot of bloodshed and treachery.The reason for the American, French and Mexican revolutions was that the people sought to obtain freedom from tyranny. These revolutions left a significant influence on histo ry. The United States explored all other avenues, prior to embarking on a war with the British.The French Revolution on the other hand began as a mass movement and created terror and panic due to the large number of executions, moreover, it was characterized by rampaging mobs (Nosotro). In this respect the reign of terror unleashed by Robespierre attained considerable notoriety. The Mexican Revolution was targeted at the elite, who had assigned all the power to themselves. The poor of Mexico wanted land and an escape from poverty. touristy and legendary leaders like Zapata promised to obtain land for the poor peasants.The American Revolution destroyed the attitude of respect for social superiors and constituted authority. American society remained structurally unchanged due to this revolution. All the same, the false belief that disobedience to authority was disobedience to God was dispelled by the revolution. The public increasingly started to believe that rulers should serve the people rather than behave as their masters. This resulted in the establishment of a new social order in which persons with authority were chosen on the basis of merit and not on the basis of prestige, social status or wealth. Moreover, such elected persons would have to comply with the will of the people rather than consider the unquestioning loyalty of the public.The French Revolution served as an inspiration for several other revolutions like those that occurred in South America. It is very important due to the fact that the new ideas regarding freedom that originated in this revolution were disseminated all over Europe. The message that it conveyed to the world was that even in the absence of a well planned strategy, it was possible for a popular uprising to depose the extant authorities. It brought about the establishment of the precedents to democratic institutions, representative governments and constitutions.The Mexican Revolution brought about the transition from a dictator ship to a democratic system that had less foreign control, better living conditions for its citizens, labor reforms and economic and social reforms. The objective of these revolutions was to secure liberty from tyrannical authorities. slice the American Revolution resulted in the establishment of United States of America, the French Revolution resulted in the overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy and the Mexican Revolution brought about an end to the Oligarchic rule and engendered far reaching land reforms that improved the living condition of the Mexican peasants.Works CitedAmerican Revolution vs. French Revolution. 1 July 2007 .American Revolution.The Crystal Reference Encyclopedia. CredoReference. 2005. 3 July 2007 .French Revolution. Andromeda Encyclopedic Dictionary of World History. CredoReference. 2001. 3 July 2007 .French Revolution. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. Houghton Mifflin. 2002. 3 July 2007 .Mexican Revolution. 1 July 2007 .Mexican Revolution. Britannica Conc ise Encyclopedia. 2003. 3 July 2007 .Nosotro, Rit. Reasons for the American and French Revolutions. 1 July 2007 .Robinson, David. Muslim Societies in African History . Cambridge University Press. P.84. ISBN 052153366X, 2004.The Mexican Revolution. November 1996. 1 July 2007 .The Revolutionary Idea in the Modern World. 1 July 2007 .Wasserman, Mark. Persistent Oligarchs Elites and Politics in Chihuahua, Mexico, 1910-1940. Duke University Press, 1993. 68 71.

Career Advancement: Work experience or Graduate School? Essay

One of the greatest accomplishments of a student is graduating from college. Graduation is a students climactic completion of their academic requirements and it signifies their emancipation from their scholarly life. much so, it indicates the start of their entry in the real world. The question of what to do after graduation dominates the rough-cut thinking of every receive. It seems like that the answer is apparent which is to work. However, several graduates experience a dilemma on choosing what to do after graduation.Is it to work to gain professional experiences or attend graduate school to develop more(prenominal) their knowledge on a specific course in hope of securing a top-ranking and steep paying job? This paper is intended to determine the better choice or the advancement of a newly graduates professional occupational group between engaging in work right after graduation or going to graduate school to further ones academic profile. To work or to obtain a job is usuall y the objective of any person pursuing an statement. So its natural for students after they graduate that they look for jobs in order to apply in the professional world what they have learned in school. By immediately working, newly graduates are stipulation the opportunity to immerse themselves in the complex and hierarchical realm of workers. Since they are newly graduates, they start from the bottom and they have to work their way up the ravel in order to secure higher positions. By having this experience, they can fully grasp the different dimensions of their job making them more proficient and sensible.Learning base on experiences is a powerful tool in honing ones skills and intellect because these are not textbook information that are available in bookstores or websites, these are actual events or situation that a person can encounter that can help him/her become a better employee. More so, in an intra-office setting, promotion is purely based on experiences and accomplish ments.For example, two employees are vying for a managerial position. Employee A is a recently graduate college student who has laudably scholastic records in business administration while employee B is a junior manager who has been working for five years. In this instance, employers would more likely provoke employee B because he/she has already made a mark in the company while employee A is unless starting and needs to prove a lot about his/her competencies as a worker. Meanwhile, going to graduate school poses also a great reward for career advancement. As mentioned earlier, pursuit of education is mainly driven by the desire to have a nice and rewarding occupation. Having a higher education gives a graduate student more credibility as a professional. Through graduate school, students are able to enhance knowledge and even becomes an expert on a rangeicular subject field such as politics, economy, arts and others. Because of the fact the education and profession are interco nnected.Employers have the tendency to judge an applicants based on their educational attainment. Because of this reality, students with masters or doctorate degrees gain more leverage in the corporate arena compared to those just college graduates. Their higher education gave them the free pass to acquire jobs that are not in entry level positions but more of executive or supervisory positions. This is a clear example of education becoming an integral part of a persons capability to perform as a learned individual. If I were to choose between the two, I would choose some(prenominal) because both can be accomplished simultaneously. By working and at the same time attending graduate school, it will give me a huge advantage in advancing my professional career. In comparison with those just working or taking up their masters or PhDs, I can draw the advantages of both by doing it at the same time. I can be able to gain work experience and at the same time compound the cultivation of my knowledge and skills. However, if its is not possible to do both, it is better to work rather than to take graduate studies for the advancement of ones career. The opportunity to register is always there however employment possibilities are very volatile. There are instances wherein your skills and education are in demand but in just a snap of a finger, your competencies become a thing of the past. In this highly competitive world, it is very important to note that intellectual capacity is not the only thing that sets you for life, experiences and exposure to the real world also plays a major role in the road to professional success.

Cash Flow Problems and Solutions Essay

Sharma and Ryan are planning to share ownership of the billet SIGNature Ltd. The backing will manufacture plastic road signs for builders, phaeton attractions and local councils. It is imperative that the short letter are continu on the wholey monitoring and controlling their cash flow if they aim to survive, specifically making sure on that point are sufficient funds to c everywhere immediate expense. However, SIGNature Ltd. should avoid holding also much cash as this is an unproductive asset, as the business could neglect break on the possible profit from locateing in the cash. Many businesses produce regular cash flow forecasts, listing all likley receipts (cash inflows) and payments (cash outflows) over a future clipping period, in this case 12 months. SIGNature Ltd. decided to invest 12,500 each of their own nones into the business totalling at 25000 altogether, an sufficient amount of money to start off the year, however looking at their closing balance of 5,556 th is investiture could fuddle been much juicyer, the business were aware of their cost for this month of 135,443 a considerable sum of money to be coming out of a start-up business in the first month.The main issue with these high outgoings is the slightly low opening balance for February, which could have been avoided if precautions had been interpreted such as investing much money into the business or by chance dispersion the costs. In addition to the capital introduced Sharma and Ryan were granted a bank loan of 80,000, a fairly large sum which aided the funding of machinery at 85,000, fittings and fixtures at 20,000 and insurance at 1,000 totalling at 106,000. With the uncertainty of gross sales these large payments in the first month may have negative resolutions for the months to come if their sales do not meet targets, possibly landing the business into debts that will have to be repaid through external sources of finance, which will in turn incur excess borrowing costs adding pressure to the situation. Their available bank overdraft of 20,000 could be considered, however, this would mean supererogatory debt and additional recognitionors to repay, the business would then need to find shipway of rearing money themselves using the money borrowed, in order to repay all debts successfully this would be un in all probability to make water as it would bow time,resources and money set extreme pressure on the business. Many business over borrow to finance growth, change magnitude interest costs which not only threatens the businesses cash agency but the overall control of the business. It is important for Sharma and Ryan to fund growth in a balanced way additional funds could have been invested through savings, Sharma and Ryan could have looked into accessible external sources of finance by for example seeking financial support from family and friends who would be interested in making an investment into the business. It appears that the bus iness invested likewise much on fixed assets in the first month as the initial stages of a business funds are limited.Spending large amounts of money on equipment, machinery and sepa yard capital items can drain resources Sharma and Ryan should consider lease some of these fixed assets such as the machinery, leaving sufficient cash funds. return are lowest in February than any other at 41,556, a possible result of the demean opening balance from the previous months outgoings. Sales remained the selfsame(prenominal) at 30,000, plot of ground regular costs remained the same, including salary payments of 6,333 in total this may have potential effects on the business and its profit, by salaried the same outflows while receiving low inflows can ca make use of the business to eat into turnover and therefore their profits. Other payments could also be investigated, such as their messenger for example, their payments of 1,500 seem extortionate, reducing the working capital the busin ess have available to spend on daily activity and pay expenses. This may be an example of poor financial vigilance, an inexperience in managing cash or a poor understanding of the way cash flows in and out of their business may lead Sharma and Ryan into problems. For example if a business were to spend heavily just before it receives cash from their customers who have bought on credit it is likely to face problems. It is not wise to spend cash when it is not definitely there. It will help SIGNature Ltd. to save cash if they were able to delay paying their courier for services they have already bought, the courier may also be able to extend their credit period (if any) from 30 to 60 age for example. However the business should be careful that the courier do not withdraw their credit facilities and refuse to impart the business goods if they are waiting too long for payment.Alternatively Sharma and Ryan could look into other courier services, comparing prices on the market in order to find a company that will transport their goods at alower cost leaving additional cash funds to support other business activity. Additional action that could be taken includes reducing the personal drawings from the business, owners who on a regular basis take cash from the business could attempt to take less. Living expenses may be an issue to consider, however, making a simplification in drawings taken could reduce the amount of money that leaves the business. March sales are again 30,000, with the addition of 10,700 incurred in quarterly costs including payments to HMRC and telephone bills while advertising payments have risen by 500 the result of these costs mean the closing balance drops to 7,970 from 12,113 in the previous month, possibly impacting on Aprils cash flow if sales do not rise as expected. In addition to this Ryan and Sharma are continuing to pay themselves as well as their two staff, raising costs by 3,166 which could be spent on other aspects of the business while continuing to pay the same rates for all other costs consequently their outgoings for the month total at 40,143, a higher than optimum total.Businesses are subject to unpredictable external forces, meaning they must(prenominal) make financial provision for any unforeseen expenditure. Equipment breakdowns, tax demands, strikes and bad debts are common examples of emergency expense. In the early stages of business development it is more likely that business owners are affected by unforeseen expenditure due to lack of experience or insufficient planning. For Sharma and Ryan, it is very important they take these factors into account when financing their business, their current poor financial management could lead them to additional expenses they are not able to afford and could possibly have long effects on the business which will be hard to recover from. In order to raise funds SIGNature Ltd. may consider stimulant sales for cash, some(prenominal) business can generate cash by offering large discounts for customers who will pay in cash, reducing the amount of time waited to receive cash from sales to cover any emergency costs incurred. Sharma and Ryan could simply delay payments, keeping this cash within the business for a yearlong period of time and only paying when put under pressure by creditors. Although this may be acceptable in many cases, the business should be cautious to make HMRC payments upfront to avoid future issues such as the loss of assets or additional costs as a result. Sometimes it may be possible to sell stock of raw materials, components or unfinished goods for cash. Togenerate cash quickly at lower cost if necessary, however, stocks such as road signs and their materials are specialised so may prove difficult to sell. They may consider selling to collectors of plastic, although this may not generate enough to clear the business. April and Mays sales are to rise to 37,000 as do purchases, going from 13,500 to 16,650 which could imp act on profits after costs are deducted, expenditure although sometimes necessary can have negative effects on the business inflows. While costs consist of mostly mandatory payments, heat and lightness remain at 500 the approaching summer months and likely hot weather suggest that this months bill should be considerably lower as days become longer at beginning of spring meaning more heat and light will be naturally generated, spending cash on these bills when they are not required is an example of financial mismanagement possibly leading to additional finance issues due to lack of cash. The business should focus on making only essential purchases, postponing or cancelling nay unnecessary spending and only buying resources when required.The business should consider ways to utilize natural light effectively in order to save energy, and costs as a result an example could be the installation of solar panels, in addition to this the temperature in this month should be higher and there fore no need for the business to be paying the amount they are for heating. Other ways to gain or regain cash involve putting pressure on customers to pay back what they owe more quickly. Allowing customers to receive trade credit can benefit as they will appreciate the pointless time to pay for purchased goods, however as SIGNatures customers are often other business they may take advantage of this act of goodwill in resistance to repay the business when asked. Therefore the business should be wary when trust a customer with this service, as they may not repay as result of pressure and it could lead to them simply resorting to finding another supplier. Junes sales remain at 37,000 while the second quarterly costs are due, HMRC payments have risen to 12,210 as a result of higher company purchases. do outgoings for this month are 46,233, this is higher due to aspects of outgoings such as the addition of 300 in telephone charges, 500 additional advertising costs and the revenant pa yment of heat and lighting bills of 500. Other than this the business do not seem to be taking action against managing high costs (such as the courier for example), this demonstrates a reluctance to adapt to newsituations. When dealing with their business, Sharma and Ryan should be evolving, and adapting their business to meet current demands what suited the business three months ago may not apply currently. Sharma and Ryan may think about introducing fresh capital this month in order to improve cash flow, they may be able to use savings or take out loans using personal possessions as security.As a small business, SIGNature Ltd. may be able to friends and family to invest in it another possibility could be the acquiring of a new business partner to add to existing funds, in addition they may be able to offer their expertise or a fresh way of thinking which could improve the business further. July to Septembers sales rise to 41,000, a 4000 increase from April to Junes sales and an 11 ,000 increase from the beginning of the years sales inflows are appearing positive by this quarter, with outgoings rest almost the same with the exception of higher purchases, the businesses profit margin has risen significantly. Sales have noticeably stay putd to rise after the end of each quarter when an additional 500 is invested into advertising, from this I can introduce it is clear the business has potential to improve further from the use of advertisement in order to raise defacement awareness and attract new and existing customers to continue using their business. It could be that the in-between months are not being put to best use, if Sharma and Ryan were to more regularly invest in additional advertisement it could be that the business sales would continue to rise. From this pattern it appears their inexperience holds them from reaching full potential at the rate they could if they were to consult others (such as potential investors, or any associates within the indust ry for example) who may be able to offer advice or assistance. Another possible alternate as previously mentioned could be the introduction of an additional business partner, preferably one already involved within the industry, to offer their expertise through familiarity and experience while contributing a new take on the course of their business. If reluctant to allow another person have a say in the running of their organisation, there is the possibility of acquiring the new partner as a silent partner, allowing Sharma and Ryan to gain funds and guidance on the running of their business without the possible disagreements on actions taken during daily activity, which in turn would reduce any stress this may have caused while benefiting from the extra help they would receive.FromOctober to December sales deteriorate to 25,000 with bills remaining this reduces profit margins however, opening and closing balances continue to total at over 50,000, these large sums of money remainin g each month appear positive when looking at the cash flow forecast, although this is known as an unproductive asset. The money left over at the end of the month should be banked or invested, in order to gain money from either interest earned or profit received from investment the money lost from holding the cash could set the business back from what they could have earned if they were to have invested their money. Although many businesses try to sustain demand for their products, there may be times when it falls unexpectedly. Changes in spending habits could lead to a fall in demand, leading to fall in cash sales flowing into the company oftentimes, trade fluctuates for seasonal reasons as it appears to have done in this case. To avoid this precautions can be taken, for SIGNature Ltd. it is thought their business would continue to strive in winter due to the nature of the organisation, additional warning road signs are likely to be needed as a result of harsh weather conditions, fo rm this I can say that the business would be wise to invest in additional advertisement for the winter months in order to boost sales. In addition to this they may be able to provide discount in order to promote their product. This situation requires careful management of the summer months in order to regulate the winter months, although it is possible to predict these changes.In conclusion I can say that there are many issues SIGNature Ltd. could face as a small start-up business, due to varying factors some of which include their lack of experience in both the industry and the running of a business, despite this there are many courses of action they can take in order to improve and grow their business. In my opinion the furthering of their business could be achieved through the better management of their spending, in addition to the alteration of their operation there were a number of outgoings the business were continuing to pay when perhaps they could have found a cheaper altern ative, while when possessing large sums of money, were not taking action to make use of this. As new business owners, the partnership should work on the evolution of their business by finding new ways to do things to ensure their organisation is reaching full potential by increasing profit margins through the cutting of costs and in some cases, the spreading of them in order to achieve economies of scale,which could benefit Sharma and Ryan greatly.

What is Black History Month?

Surprisingly, the answer to that seemingly simple question would have a deal of different answers, varying in degrees from full support to total outrage, depending on who was asked. The extreme fluctuation in emotional reaction to what appears on the out cheek to be a month long celebration of inheritance lies in the different opinions of whatsoever very complex issues. Arguments over the benefits versus harm, and the definition of black recital itself are at the core of this heated debate.The month long focus on the history of dismal the Statesns, cognize as Black floor Month, was brought to life by Dr. Carter G. Woodson. Dr. Woodson, one of the depression black Americans to receive a Ph. D. from Harvard university (Gearing Up For Black account Month, 2007), was disturbed in the lack of knowledge and availability of Black archives in America of any kind. Woodson felt strongly about this lack of history for an entire heathen group and felt the need to create a forum that wo uld, highlight the contri simplyions of black Americans to our nation and the earth.His name and supplyress was to bring to light the hidden history and culture of the American masses, and through this special observance, help alone Americans to appreciate their pagan roots and develop a mutual respect among the races. (Gearing Up for Black storey Month, 2008) He chose the second week in February beca theatrical role of its association with two extensive men who had a great impact on the destiny of African Americans Abraham Lincoln and abolitionist, Frederick Douglas. Today it is crimson to a greater extent fitting that this reminiscence beobserved in February, as it holds many great achievements for Black Americans including the birth of a great civil rights draw W. E. B. DuBois, the month that the 15th amendment was passed allowing blacks to vote, the acceptance of the first black senator, and the death of militant attracter Malcolm X, naming just a few. (Infoplease, 2009) From the beginning, Woodsons motivation in launching Negro chronicle workweek was an, initiative to bring national attention to the contributions of black people throughout American history. (Black biography Month, 2000)Prior to that conviction Black history had been relatively unexplored except for the representation of blacks as slaves or in low and insignificant social positions. (Wikipedia, 2009). However, even from its inception as Negro History Week, this design of remembrance has been a source of contention. Annually, this heated debate over the, continued usefulness and fairness of a designated month dedicated to the history of one race (Wikipedia, 2009) has broken itself down into three major arguments. The first and or so hotly debated topic is mainly that of purpose.What is the factual underlying purpose of this celebration? One side proposes the benefits of self-identity while the other argues degradation of society. Those who argue on the side of identity feel strongly that the affects of historic amnesia is the root of the problem. Their position that the long term affects of slavery on the mentality of the people had a more devastating effect than generally understood. (Pitre, 2002) Black History serves the purpose of helping African Americans run into themselves by looking at the uniqueness and origin of their history in relation to the development of world history.Black history would encourage Black Americans to embrace their personal identity as opposed to self-negating ones self (Karenga, 1982). (Pitre, 2002) Connecting with their big prehistoric impart give Black Americans the ability to see themselves as part of a repeat cycle of world history that is everchanging and full of opport wholeness for freedom and productivity. (Pitre, 2002) It is this great power for healing put in in our histories that is so indispensable. For history is the substance and mirror of a peoples humanity in others eyes as well as in their own ey es.It is then, non only what they have done, but in any case a reflection of who they are, what they can do, and equally important what they can become as a result of the ult which utters their possibilities (Karenga, 1982, 69). (Pitre, 2002) With the desire to let Black Americans have the opportunity to see themselves in a better, broader light and thereof inspire all Americans to achieve to become better, proponents of Black History Month encourage schools and educators to enlighten the minds of Americas youth by learning about American history through another ethnic perspective.The aim of a multicultural education is not just an appreciation for cultural diversity (Pitre, 2002) but also a more compassionate perspective that will lead to a more candid America. It is important to note, however, that in a quest for real multiculturism, learning about Black history is not merely a recitation of a handful of accomplished Black Americans. It is much more than a compilation of ins piring stories, and more of a frank and honest look at the often abominable realities of the past. It is by looking at history in an unbiased way that truths can be taught, and real lessons learned.For example, one Southern high school committed to multicultural program fought back against the tendency to use a watered down method of inviting speakers with limited knowledge of Black American history or who teach history within the acceptable set framework of the dominant culture. Instead, the high school students chose a non- traditionalistic, Islamic speaker to share historic facts and how they related to the crusades of Black Americans today. The result was outstanding. The reaction of the students was an emotional self-realisation that resulted in a life-changing experience. (Pitre, 2002)However, this opportunity to candidly look at the past and see the effects it has had on the present appears to be the root of the problem for those that oppose the observance of Black History Month. Among some of the most ardent fears is the supposition that teaching students the realities of history will color both Europe and the U. S. as badness actors on the world stage. They accuse Black American scholars of having the intention of rewriting history. Disturbingly, at the same time they proffer the weak argument that taking time out for multicultural education takes time outside from basic work skills education.(Pitre, 2002) Furthermore, they strongly suggest that teaching Blacks about the historical injustices perpetrated against them (Pitre, 2002) will inspire retribution against dusters. Any program or curriculum that induces people of African descent to group themselves in emulation to White policies must be squashed in the name of our mutual safety as White people (Kincheloe & Steinberg, 1997, 7). (Pitre, 2002). In addition to these arguments are the attacks that the honoring of Black History Month is nothing more than an opportunity for a marketing device.U nfortunately, this is perfectly illustrated in a flyer encouraging the observance of Black History Month A community is only as strong as the traditions that hold it together. Procter & bump products such as Tide, Bounce and Downy have been a part of the traditions celebrated by African-American families for generations. (Black History Month Reminds Us of Our Common Experiences and Hopes, 2005) Furthermore, this heated debate over the beneficial versus detrimental perspectives on Black History Month is often subsequently followed by the controversial question of, What is Black History? In one historians point of view, Black History should be understood as Black History that focuses on Black people, their identity, their culture, their social life, their psychology, and the way they have used these ethnic, group, and personal attributes to make history in America and to contribute to histories, countries, and peoples elsewhere on the globe. (Wright, 2002) This very important ideal h olds that as Blacks uncover and reveal the truth of their history awareness of White people in American history will also be enlightened.By motivating Black historians to present the truth in a scholarly manner and thusly provide the moral guidelines for Black political behavior in America, the racism that scarred the country and the attitudes and beliefs of its people can begin to heal. (Wright, 2002) This ever-present problem of seeking identity through the looking glass of the past is not just an American issue. In the United Kingdom, with large communities of many different ethnic groups the campaign to celebrate Black History Month sheds light on this question of identity in a much clearer way.In an effort to teach Black History and keep school programs alive, they have confronted the issue that their traditional teaching of Black History month focusing on Caribbean Black History is failing to unite with the new migrant communities such as the Somalis. The compelling questio ns are about making sense of a world whose problems seem dominated by historic questions of identity. ( hound, 2006) This search for identity runs deep. As Black Americans struggle to find an acceptable way to identify themselves today and build a stronger foundation for the future, the debate will go on.However, there are still some basic issues with name identity that appear to add to the confusion. For instance, just the identification as Blacks, Black Americans, African Americans, Afro Americans or the orthographical capitalization of the letter B as in black Americans, has caused a strain on the black American community. The suggestion by some black historians that all black Americans are African American became a popular reference even though most Blacks disagreed and saw themselves only as Black Americans, and not identifying themselves in relation to Africa at all.(Wright, 2002) Obviously identity is an important part of viewing not only the past, but more importantly, the f uture. perhaps this is the reason there is so much disagreement and conjecture. Moreover, it is also obvious that until agreements and decisions can be made, the unity that is necessary to achieve the identity so desperately sought after will remain elusive. irrespective of the debate that forges on, and will one day find a resolution it seems clear that whether it is black history or white history, it is all American history. ReferencesBlack History Month Reminds Us of Our Common Experiences and Hopes. (2005, February). Ebony, 60, 46+. Retrieved certify 4, 2009, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5008550464 Black History Month the History of Black History. Infoplease. 20002007 Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease. 04 Mar. 2009 . Black History Month. (2009, edge 3). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 1805, ring 4, 2009, from http//en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Black_History_Month&oldid=274609871Gearing Up for Black History Month in February 2008. (2007, December). Curriculum Review, 47, 14+. Retrieved March 4, 2009, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5024613228 Hunt, T. (2006, October). Whose History Is It Anyway? as Part of the Ongoing Debate over Black History Month, Tristram Hunt Asks for Greater Dialogue between Politicians and Academics concerning the Place of History in Modern Britain. History Today, 56, 28+. Retrieved March 4, 2009, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5017655596 Pitre, A. , & Ray, R. (2002).The Controversy around Black History. The Western Journal of Black Studies, 26(3), 149+. Retrieved March 4, 2009, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5000644111 Wright, W. D. (2002). Black History and Black Identity A Call for a New Historiography /. Westport, CT Praeger. Retrieved March 4, 2009, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=101983241 Wright, W. D. (2002). Critical Reflections on Blac k History /. Westport, CT Praeger. Retrieved March 4, 2009, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=101985175

Close reading for George Elliott Clarke’s Negation Essay

The poems heading Negation is rounded closely the fact that the author is taking invigorated path in the poetry description by trying to etch out a new-made identity for oneself but this is continuously difficult for time and again there is a distinction amongst white and blackness commonly referred to as racial gratification. The definition of the word negation also speaks volume about the difficulty being experienced by the author as the inability to accept something that already exists.Ideally, bod is one of the about fundamental aspects that are easily notable about poems. It is evident that the poem is presented as a lyric with fourteen lines but goes against the norm of rhyme schemes and adopts the iambic pentameter blank sonnet vogue where each(prenominal) line of the poem is divided into ten syllablesCITATION Mab00 p 52 l 1033 (Mabillard 52). The syllables in each line are divided into iambic feet which are attuned to the idea that a stressed syllable is followed by a n unstressed syllable for instance Na and Sty to form nasty as expressed in the poem. The initial dozen lines of Negation bring to line the issue of racial identity and prejudice as the dominating factor that George Elliott seeks to look to. He reflects on Shakespeares character Caliban in The Tempest who he describes in rather bitter words as being, (Slick black bastard cannibal-sucking back Licorice-lusty, fifty-proof whisky), this is just representational of the authors disgustCITATION Lan01 p 13 l 1033 (Lancashire 13).However, in the final two lines of Negation i.e. the couplet, the author comes out in support of black revolution by resolving his previous stand a classical representation of couplets where an author resonates on his sentiments in the firstborn three quatrains of the poem. With specific interest is Frantz Fanons work the Black skin, White masks illustrates George Elliotts sentiments in negation as being a global problem with whites continuously despising blac ks in their speech and literacy writings citation can be made to line nine of the negation poem that points out blacks as, Nasty, Nofaskoshan negro, I mean.. and goes on to the next two linesCITATION Cla08 p 33 l 1033 (Clarke 33). The writing Nofaskoshan is in black dialect which generalizes the people of Neva Scotia a province in Canada with inhabitants of African descent. In Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon also mirrors the same but in defense of the black race. He refutes with the lines, Dirty nigger Or simply, Look, a Negro // I came into the universe of discourse imbued with the will to find a meaning in things, my spirit filled with the desire to attain to the man-made lake of the world, and then I found that I was an object in the midst of other objects. // sealed into that annihilating object hoodCITATION Fan52 p 109 l 1033 (Fanon 109).Looking at Fanons sentiments, we see the depiction of blacks as subjects of the whites, most interesting is the inability of blacks to ide ntify themselves as subjects and merely objects of service to the white, they are constantly in press to break away from the old york. Notice in the last two line stanza (couplet), the author is dormant in struggle with where his real stand is, this two-line stanza of a blank sonnet is usually meant to resolve the repeat theme in the previous stanzas but in this case author make a origin to the second person you depicting the debate that even though he agrees to the fact that change in black perception is evident he still has not fully accepted this fact.ReferencesClarke, George Elliott. Blues and triumph . New York Waterloo , 2008.Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks . Atlanta Grove Press , 1952.Lancashire, Ian. Blue . Vancouver Polestar Books , 2001.Mabillard, Amanda. Shakespearean sonnet Basics . New York Barnes & Noble , 2000.Source document

Gladstones social and economic reforms in his first ministry Essay

blends first ministry (1868-74) was elected in favour of Disraelis Conservatives, disdain the fact that it was the Conservative Party which passed the Second Reform Bill, because the electorate felt that portmanteau had consistently strengthenered reform. As such, his ministry passed many reforms in their first tenure. There are a range of criteria by which these reforms can be deemed triple-crown, and many interpretations of Gladstones reform programme.One interpretation of the reforms of Gladstones first ministry is that it was, in the words of historian E. J. Feuchtwanger, a great reforming ministry. In terms of social reform, there is much to recollect this view. Although far from the most nonable reform carried out by this ministry, the Married Womens Property deed of conveyance (1869), which gave married women intelligent status and allowed women to keep 200 of their own earnings, was one of the most important pieces of legislation regarding womens rights. The Educatio n map of 1870 also made advances in gender equality, as it made proviso for girls to attend school, leading to the suffragette movements in 1918 and 1928. So, in terms of womens rights, the social reforms of this ministry can be judged a success, as although the changes may not seem hugely significant, they were the foundations for further campaigns and reforms. The 1870 Education Act greatly buoyant the working classes and indicated a move away from laissez-faire in government legislation, but it also caused divisions in terms of religious teachings, with Catholics clashing with Anglicans.However, the short-term drawbacks are dwarfed by the protracted consequences and the benefits therein. It is clear at this marijuana cigarette that Gladstones ministry was committed to extensive reform. The Cardwell Reforms of 1872 concerning the British Army were more focused on reservation the Army a more efficient Imperial force, and the Judicature Act of 1873 aimed to simplify the Britis h legal system, establishing a single Supreme Court of Judicature and tidying up the organisation and roles of the courts. Both of these measures show effective and logical attempts to cut public expenditure and count as unequivocal successes, despite opposition from the theatre of Lords and Queen Victoria with regards to the Cardwell Reforms.The Irish Church Disestablishment Act (1869) showed a willingness by Gladstone to make concessions in Ireland in order to maintain peace. The reforms of this ministry, then, can be deemed successful when judged against Gladstones own aims of peace, retrenchment and reform. In terms of stinting reform, Gladstones ministry was perhaps less successful unveiling to the Civil Service on the basis of a competitive exam (introduced in 1870) qualified as a success in terms of reform and retrenchment in terms of clear economic policy, however, there was very little done by the ministry, perhaps because the economy was faring well and did not comman d government intervention. So, it can be seen that the programme of reform passed by Gladstones first ministry, although not complete successes, consisted of effective and progressive changes which shaped the hereafter of the country. The ministry reformed with good intentions, and improved efficiency of some(a) the nations key institutions.However, another interpretation of these reforms is that they were not part of a programme at all more that they were a series of unplanned reforms that alienated hurters. The aforementioned Education Act is a good example of one of the main problems with even the most successful reforms made by Gladstones ministry while they may have appeased or please one faction of the population, they served to alienate or anger another. Sometimes reforms alienated two sides the 1872 Licensing Act drew criticism from temperance groups like the united Kingdom Alliance for not being harsh enough on drinking, but also incurred the irritation of the working c lasses whose access to beer was restricted. This mild piece of legislation had highly adverse consequences for the Liberal Party, and they further churning the working classes through economic reform, namely the Trade Union Act and Criminal Law Amendment (1871).This Act and Amendment, which gave trade unions full legal rights before banning strikes and picketing, cost Gladstone a great submit of working class support, and shows a distinct lack of success in his aim of reform. However, the foundation of the Trade Union Act allowed for support of the whole labour movement, and can therefore be seen as a long-term answer to an omnipresent problem. Reduction in income tax in 1874, from 6d. to 3d. in the dumbfound may have satisfied the people and given stimulus to the economy through higher prevalent spending, follows the Gladstonian aim of retrenchment in one sense, as it gives the government less to spend, but it may also mean that more progressive measures are not taken as a res ult of cost. In terms of Gladstones aim at peace, his ministry was again arguably unsuccessful.While the Irish Church Disestablishment Act was a progressive concession to the Irish, it heightened expectations in Ireland, which in turn increased the chances of future unrest. Again, Gladstones ministry fail to preserve peace, then. Cardwells abolition of the purchase of commissions caused outrage in the elite classes and obscured the far-sightedness of other army reforms. A pattern is emerging Gladstones reforms seem to puzzle every single faction of the population (even Queen Victoria, who opposed the Cardwell Reforms), and this cost his ministry so much support that the Liberals lost the 1874 elections. This is not the mark of a successful ministry, and it can thus be said that, although Gladstones ministry may have had good intentions, the haphazard and unstructured programme of reforms single-handedly lost them the sequent elections, qualifying these reforms as unsuccessful.Perh aps it would be most prudent to argue that although Gladstone lost support in the short-term, his ministry reformed with regards to the future. Theirs was a far-reaching and innovative programme of reform, and it covered a wide breadth of areas, from womens rights to army reform. At the cost of support and a consecutive term in government, in a fashion similar to Peel and his Corn Law Repeal, Gladstones ministry pushed through many unpopular but effective reforms. And although to proclaim that his first ministry was one of the finest instruments of government that ever were constructed may be sooner hyperbolic, it worked with honest aims at progressive reform, rather than the more cynical reform of the preceding Disraeli administration. A successful programme, then, with bad consequences for the party.

Learning Strategies

It goes without saying that effective training strategies motivate learners and ensure better results and outcomes from the poring over process. It is possible to design instructional strategies to build confidence, to invent victor easier, to demonstrate relevance of the process as well as to engage learners to solve real problems. Actually, instructional strategies allow students to discover, to sh ar and to explore the matters of occurrence interest for them. Classroom should be treated as gym. It doesnt mean that desks should be replaced by vestibular sense beam. It office that significant shifts are required in instructional approaches.The first effective instructional scheme is to integrate training with what students know. This schema assists in building skills and knowledge of learners. Further more(prenominal), it complements trainings theyve already and prepares them for developing additional skills. This strategy suggests integrating innovative information with what students already known. It is necessary to set a comfortable tone in exhibition to encourage sharing and participation and to motivate challenge of ideas and debates regarding the subject. The strategy emphasizes using if familiar metaphors and schemes. The heading of the strategy it to make learners share their personal experience, obtained knowledge of the think topic. Online discussions, groups meetings and e-mails are appreciated as well.The indorse strategy is to connect training to relevant purposes and goals. This strategy helps to grab learners attention to the goals and objectives of the studying process. Instructor should be clear about the goals of the training, because it helps learners to move in directions which correspond to programs goals and purposes. Learning goals should be related to personal goals of the learners. Actually, instructor has to encourage participatory goals setting, because students would work unneurotic in order to pick nitty-gritty perf ormance goals. Also creating of action plan is appreciated as it would assist in customizing new and already existing knowledge.ReferencesPardes, Juan Rudel. (1994, July-August). Motivate Every Learner How to Replace Motivation Myths with Strategies that Work. Retrieved present 6, 2007, from http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0STR/is_n1_v104/ai_15669489/pg_2Creating Training that Motivates. (2001). Retrieved March 6, 2007, from http//seniortechcenter.org/archive/ education_paths/training/start_ slighton/creating_training_motivate.phpstrategiesLearning StrategiesINTRODUCTIONEducators of boyish children oblige a propensity to share the goal of fostering childrens successful learning and achievement. As the pressure to give emphasis to academic standards enhances, it is all the more vital to reflect on the most effective lend oneselfs for make certain that children are in incident learning what is being taught. Several factors related to childrens achievement are not in teache rs control, moreover creating a climate of work in the classroom is (Finn, J.D., & D.A. Rock. 1997). The use of strategies is a powerful teaching wight vital in promoting childrens achievement for the reason that it focuses children on learning supports learning specific skills and concepts and provides children irresponsible associations with learning.GENERAL DISCUSSIONMaintenance rehearsal refers to the simple repetition of items to h nonagenarian them in working memory, where we are conscious of them. Thus, when we want to take to be a phone number for long enough to ring it, or write it down, we repeat it to ourselves until we bedevil completed our action. Rehearsal is an effective strategy for short-term recall, and young children can be taught to use the strategy (Graham, S., & B. Weiner. 1996). However, continued use of the strategy is more un wishly than not. It may be however, that training was insufficient to fall upon the children the usefulness of the strategy, a nd with better feedback they might be encouraged to use the strategy ad lib. Maintenance rehearsal no doubt seems a self-evident strategy to any adult, simple as it is and long accustomed as we are to using it. However, it is, like any strategy, something we have to learn to do. It is rare in five social class olds, communal in ten year olds.Categorizing is another very basic strategy that many of us use to help us remember items (Baine, 1986) Thus, if you are given a list APPLE JEEPNEY butt TRUCK SAMPAGUITA PLUM PEACH MOTORCYCLE ROSE MARIGOLD MANGO CAR the items pull up stakes be oft easier to remember if you note that the items belong to only three categories fruit, vehicles, flowers. Noting that there are four examples of each lead in like manner help. The category labels help considerably when it comes to retrieving the information. Most educated adults do this sort of thing automatically.But, again, like any strategy no matter how simple, it is not something we are bor n knowing. Very young children are not likely to group items at all, but if they do, it will be most likely harmonise to some sort of association (cornflakes milk, baby bottle, paper pencil). If young children are taught to group items into taxonomic categories, they will still not use category labels effectively when retrieving the information, without explicit instruction. From around 6 or 7, children seem to benefit more from instruction in sorting strategies. If the children are very young, such instruction may only confuse them. Using category labels as retrieval cues numbers to be a more labyrinthine strategy than the first step of learning to group according to category, and doesnt appear until later.Even children as old as 11 may benefit from explicit reminders to use category labels as retrieval cues and look the categories exhaustively before moving on. At around 7, about 50% of children appreciate the grade of categorization as a memory strategy. This doesnt incr ease all that much over the next hardly a(prenominal) years (about 60% of ten year olds), although nearly all 17 year olds understand the strategy.The value of category labels in helping young children learn is another strategy. Category labels dont appear to particularly help recall in children before the age of ten. Picture recognition is assisted by labeling in children as young as four. Researchers have had mixed results in labeling pictures as an aid to learning paired associations in young children. Labeling pictures does not appear to help very young children remember the order of items, but can be helpful to children from six years old until they are of an age to spontaneously label, when such explicit labeling may interfere with their own learning strategy. Labeling however often part of a wider strategy and may is well be helpful to young children for other reasons than improving recall. For example, it may be useful in helping children acquire language.Mnemonics is anoth er strategy employ by teachers for the children. Research into whether young children can amend recall by using visual imagery has produced mixed results (Yair, G. 2000). It would seem that, in general, the instruction to generate mental images does not improve recall in children 5 yrs and younger, but does improve recall in children 8 years and above. Children of six and seven appear to be at a transitional stage whereby some children can use the strategy effectively in some situations. The story, or sentence, mnemotechnical is a verbal mnemonic in which words to be remembered are linked together in a sentence or sentences (Brewster, C., & J. Fager. 2000). It is an effective strategy for learning a list of words.The look for confirms that memory even in very young children can be helped by teaching them to use this verbal mnemonic strategy. It is more effective if the words are linked by verbs rather than prepositions but stringing together words like this The cat and the bana na and the boat were in the sky is much less memorable than composing The cat ate the banana and tossed the boat into the sky. Sentence mnemonics have been effectively used by 6th graders to remember the correct spelling of words. The keyword method is one of the most successful mnemonic strategies to be used in education.It is of proven effectiveness as a method of learning new words, foreign language words, and social studies facts. As a technique for learning new words, it has been compared with the following common strategies learning words in context finding root words learning synonyms and antonyms presenting words in important sentences having students discriminate correct from incorrect use of words in sentences and having students generate their own meaningful sentences and is apparently more effective than any of these methods. The keyword mnemonic has been used effectively by 4th graders. When pictures have been provided, it has been used effectively by 2nd graders. It i s suggested that, for children 10 years and younger, instructions to visualize are supplemented by illustrating pictures.CONCLUSIONIdeally, teachers should use a wide range of strategies and then masterfully facilitate their implementation. Not only do strategies enable teachers to capture the interest of children as they learn the skills and concepts necessary for success in school, but children also experience what it feels like to be engaged in learning a lifelong gift. The strategies chosen depend on the purpose, teaching style, and the children in the classroom. Regardless of the strategies selected, effective facilitation is a key to making them work. By facilitation it means that the techniques used to execute a strategy.REFERENCEBaine, David 1986. Memory and instruction. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Educational Technology Publications.Brewster, C., & J. Fager. 2000. Increasing student engagement and motivation From time on task to homework. Portland, OR Northwest Regional Education al Laboratory.Finn, J.D., & D.A. Rock. 1997. Academic success among students at risk for school failure. Journal of Applied Psychology 82 (2) 22134.Graham, S., & B. Weiner. 1996. Theories and principles of motivation. In Handbook of educational psychology, eds. D. Berliner & R.C. Calfee, 6284. Mahwah, NJ Erlbaum.Yair, G. 2000. Reforming motivation How the structure of instruction affects students learning experiences. British Educational Journal 26 (2) 191210.Learning Strategies1. Learning Strategies for SSC100 SSC100 is not only a common course, but also sets the tone for the unanimous four-semester study life in Seneca. Therefore, we should pay more attention to this course. My GPA to date is 3. 0 and my get GPA is 3. 5. In order to acheive the target, there are several strategies I should follow . First, take the classes regularly. just about other students may think that its not necessary to attend the classes , without which they can still follow by means of this course.Ho wever, the powerpoints and the videos the instructors display in the classes are not only interesting but also helpful. Second, read through the textbook Success Strategies for College. This book introduces diffrernt kinds of learning strategies in details, which are very useful in SSC100 itself, particularly in the reflective test, and other courses throughout Seneca. Third, invovle in the group work. To tell the truth, I am not a good team worker, which is neither good for the current college study nor good for the future work.Therefore, I should attach more importance to this part. Communication is a key factor in the group work. I will try my best to listen to others and give my own opinion as much as possible. Last, practice presentation. As for the group work, presentation is one of the most important parts. Practices can sooth the nerves and make the process more smooth in the real presentation. There are two ways to practice the presentation first, gather the group mates to simulate second, take part in the presentation workshops in the learning center.